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Aina Meducci 2012

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The following blog posts is not genuinely from my research but through readings and citation from trusted website. I do not own any of the copyright and therefore you may use it at your own risk

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Preanesthetic agent

I started my anesthesiology class this week. One thing for sure, I really need to go back long way down to the pharmacology. I think I'm gonna love this subject. InsyaAllah

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Preanesthetic Agents

A preanesthetic agent (or preanaesthetic agent) is a drug that is given before the administration of an anesthetic.These are the drugs used prior to the administration of an anesthetic agent, with the important object of making anesthesia safe and more agreeable to the animals.

The reasons for such medication are;

1) For sedation, to reduce anxiety and apprehension
2) To obtain an additive or synergistic effect so that induction could be smooth and rapid
3) To counteract certain adverse effects of the anesthetic drug
4) To relieve from pain
5) To restrain the animal


Common preanesthetic agents used in animals

Note: The drugs are generally used in rabbit but may be also use in other species of animals


1. Acepromazine

  • Mild to moderate sedation
  • No analgesic properties
  • Can cause hypotension and hypothermia
  • SC, IM, IV

2. Atropine

  • Useless in a high proportion of rabbits, due to the presence of serum atropinase.
  • It helps reduce salivation, bronchial secretions, and avoids vagal induced bradycardia.
  • SC, IM

3. Butorphanol/acepromazine

  • Moderate sedation
  • Peripheral vasodilatation
  • Butorphanol provides analgesia.
  • Caution is needed in case of dehydration, or in rabbits suffering from cardiovascular diseases.
  • IM

4. Chlorpromazine

  • Mild to moderate sedation
  • No analgesic properties
  • Can cause hypotension and hypothermia
  • IM

5. Diazepam

  • Moderate to deep sedation
  • IV administration may lead to thrombophlebitis.
  • IM,IV,IP

6. Fentanyl/Droperidol

  • Moderate to deep sedation
  • Good analgesic properties
  • Painful injection
  • Can induce bradycardia
  • IM

7. Fentanyl/Fluanisone

  • Moderate to heavy sedation.This agent has some analgesic properties
  • SC,IM

8. Ketamin

  • Mild to heavy sedation
  • Moderate to good analgesia, enough for small surgery.
  • High dosage may induce respiratory depression or muscular stiffness
  • IM

9. Glycopyrrolate

  • Advised with rabbits suffering from respiratory diseases.
  • It helps reduce salivation, bronchial secretions, and avoids vagal induced bradycardia.
  • IV,SC,IM

10. Medetomidine

  • Mild to profound sedation
  • Good analgesic properties
  • Should be avoided in rabbits with health problems, due to respiratory and cardiovascular depression properties of this compound.
  • Venipuncture is difficult due to vasoconstriction of the veins.
  • SC, IM

11. Meperidine

  • Sedation
  • Analgesic properties
  • Higher dosages can lead to respiratory depression
  • IM,IV,IP

12. Midozalam

  • Moderate to deep sedation
  • Compound dissolves in water
  • IM, IV

13. Morphine

  • Sedation
  • Analgesic properties
  • Higher dosages can lead to respiratory depression
  • SC, IM

14. Xylazine

  • Mild to profound sedation
  • Light analgesia
  • Should be avoided in rabbits with health problems, due to respiratory and cardiovascular depression properties of this compound.
  • Venipuncture is difficult due to vasoconstriction of the veins.
  • IV,IM

**Dosage may be different to species

Sources: Restrain, preanesthetic agents use in rabbits, wikipedia sources


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