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I created this blog as an instrument of what I have encountered in the world of veterinary medicine as a proud vet student. Comments and suggestions are welcome here at;

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Regards,
Aina Meducci 2012

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The following blog posts is not genuinely from my research but through readings and citation from trusted website. I do not own any of the copyright and therefore you may use it at your own risk

SINCE I AM NOT A VETERINARIAN YET, THEREFORE I CAN'T CONSULT ANY MEDICAL ADVICE TO YOU AND YOUR PETS! EXTREMELY IMPORTANT!.

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Melioidosis

Just coming back from Perak Turf Club, learning about racing horses. Dr Alistair Murdoch, the senior vet in this club went on explaining things about horses. (He's very charming and professional and I like him hehe) What really get my attention is the common diseases that affecting the horse; Melioidosis and Strangles


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Melioidosis is a bacterial disease that affects humans and many species of animals. While some infections are subclinical, others result in localized acute or chronic disease, or fatal septicemia. Because it can affect almost any organ, melioidosis can mimic many other diseases.

Etilogy

Melioidosis results from infection by Burkholderia pseudomallei, a Gram negative bacillus in the family Burkholderiaceae. This organism was formerly known as Pseudomonas pseudomallei. It is closely related to Burkholderia mallei, the agent of glanders, as well as to B. thailandensis and B. oklahomensis. It may affect variety of domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, dog, horse, swine and cats.


B.pseudomallei on the McConkey Agar


Transmission

Animal transmission
  1. Ingestion
  2. Inhalation
  3. Wounds and abrasion
  4. Nasal secretion of infected animals
  5. Milk, feces, urine of infected animals
  6. Transplacental
  7. Nosocomial (infection results from of treatment in hospital)
  8. Mosquitoes and rat fleas

Zoonotic transmission to human
  1. Contamination of skin lesions by exposure to infected animals, tissues including meat, or milk.
  2. Skin wound
  3. Sexual transmission

Clinical signs
  1. Respiratory diseases
  2. Septicemia
  3. Localized acute or chronic suppurative infection
  4. GI symptoms
  5. Osteomyelitis (inflammation of bone)
  6. Mastitis
  7. Orchitis

Diagnosis
  1. Isolation of the bacteria from milk and feces
  2. Biochemistry
  3. Latex agglutination
  4. ELISA
  5. PCR-restriction fragment length of polymorphism
  6. Immunoflorescent


Treatment and prevention

B. pseudomallei is susceptible to some antibiotics however, this organism is intrinsically resistant to many drugs. Melioidosis is usually acquired from the environment, particularly after contact with soil or water. To minimize contact with dirt, animals can be raised on wooden slats, concrete or paved floors. Providing safe drinking water is important in endemic areas. B. pseudomallei is particularly common in muddy water, and it is less likely to be found in fresh or clear water. Although small numbers of bacteria may survive treatment, chlorination of the water supply decreases the risk of infection. Carnivores and omnivores should not be allowed to eat contaminated carcasses.


Source: Melioidosis; center for food security and public health

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